Global Agri-Food Supply Chain

Questions: 1.Critically Evaluate the present Issues, Challenges and Future of the Global Agri-Food Supply Chain. 2.Critically Evaluate the job of Culture to Promote an Efficient, Competitive, Responsible and green worldwide Supply Chain. Answers: Presentation Flexibly chain the board and coordinations are significant for the income age of the organizations in the agro food office. Supportability of the flexibly chain the board is a basic issue that the worldwide organizations are looking so as to keep up the worth chain in the worldwide agri-food gracefully chain. Agri-food flexibly chain is characterized as the exchange of cultivating merchandise or rural nourishments from the creation level to the last buyers. The gracefully chains comprise of pre creation exercises and post utilization exercises in the area of agri-food division. In the realm of globalization, nations and organizations are engaged in ensuring the earth and accommodating the normal asset the board. It makes a decent effect on the field of food gracefully chain the executives. The ecological contamination and the adjustment in atmosphere are considered as the components that are liable for undermining the various systems towards the executives of practical flexibly chain . The report centers around the issues looked by worldwide agri-food gracefully chain alongside usage of hypothetical structures in help to it. Aside from that, the job of culture in keeping up the green and compelling flexibly chain by organizations are likewise portrayed in the report alongside the idea of green gracefully chain the executives rehearses by worldwide agri-food organizations. 1.Current Issues and Challenges of the Global Agri-Food Supply Chain It very well may be said that the principle region of issues that the agri-food flexibly chain faces is in the region of the coordinations. Flexibly tie the board is identified with conveyance channel and coordinations. These two perspectives are considered as the switch of the supportable flexibly chain the board. The issues of the gracefully chain the executives depends regarding the matter of request the board, warehousing, bundling, conveyance, squander removal and deals returns the board, shipment, conveyance, and so forth (Burch Lawrence, 2013). The issues of the flexibly chain of agri-food organizations in a worldwide premise are portrayed in the accompanying. The coordinations exercises faces issues because of extraordinary discontinuity of the change businesses and ranches. The cutting edge arrangement of conveyance design is progressively centered around direct control. The organizations attempt to control all the flexibly chain the executives exercises of the entire food gracefully chain (Rueda, Garrett Lambin, 2017). So as to fulfill or moderate the necessities and prerequisites of the agri-food industry, the market doesn't give any calculated arrangements towards it. The issues happened as far as entryway to entryway conveyance and chill flexibly chain. The unbending nature of the authoritative fulfilments is liable for lower effectiveness in new food (Martnez-Jurado Moyano-Fuentes, 2014). Expenses of coordinations are expanding step by step while the costs of the new items are not expanding making misfortunes for the providers. As the ranchers are not accomplishing numerous benefits while offering their merchandise to the stores and other huge retailers, henceforth they can't utilize present day advances and transport framework for quick conveyance of products (Giles, 2012). Because of absence of advances utilized in the cultivating forms, the newness and the nature of the nourishments are corrupted. The general stores and other enormous retailers in numerous nations of the world face in appropriation issue and meeting the fulfillment of the clients. Quality administration and upkeep of stock is a worldwide issue that the vast majority of the organizations in agri-food part faces as far as making manages the global organizations (Dinu, 2016). Speculations Related to Supply Chain Management There are numerous speculations identified with the gracefully chain the executives. Among them, three speculations will be chosen that will address the previously mentioned issues. Six sigma in coordinations is characterized as the method of actualizing the methodology which will yield in the improvement of decisions which depends on the equalization of hazard and qualities (Mangan, Lalwani, Lalwani, 2016). It is a universally acknowledged procedure of the executives that is centered around assembling better administrations or items while satisfying needs and needs of the clients. The DMAIC strategy is the center of the six-sigma hypothesis. It incorporates characterize, measure, break down, improve and control. The procedures of gracefully chain the board depend on these parts of the model (Dabbene, Gay Tortia, 2014). Lean assembling is a methodology that is utilized by vendors and producers of agri-food organizations that centers around disposal of waste in the assembling framework. This procedure of assembling will help in the end of the loss from the way toward assembling of the items (Mangan et al., 2016). The lean assembling framework centers around three parts of value, expenses and conveyance times. Lean assembling on the end of squanders is identified with the feasible flexibly chain exercises. Natural security is additionally done utilizing this act of assembling (Keramydas et al., 2016). Worldwide associations utilize Just in Time hypothesis that is centered around the decrease of the stream times in the entire creation framework alongside reaction times from the different scopes of providers to the clients. In the nick of time is a famous hypothesis in the gracefully chain the board that helps in keeping up the stock kevel just as diminishing the degree of waste. It is famously known as Toyota Production framework (Aung Chang, 2014). It likewise keeps up the various sorts of issues identified with request and gracefully of items between the makers of items and the clients that eventually helps in the upkeep of notoriety (Zhang et al., 2016). Instances of Companies Facing Issues in Supply Chain Huge retailers like Tesco, Wesfarmers, and so on are confronting issues in their gracefully chain the executives that influences the productivity of the organization. Aside from that, it is seen that the implicit rules of providers of the Tesco are not sufficient. Thus, the providers are not giving quality materials to Tesco. The nature of the results of the Tesco is getting traded off. Other than this, the clients are griping about the nature of the items (Handayati et al.,2015). The wholesalers of the rural items are confronting issues in the expanded expense of transportation. These huge grocery stores for the most part assume responsibility for the little vendors and wholesalers of the horticultural items. The control of the global monsters is because of the inordinate control of the gracefully chain the executives perspectives (Mylan et al., 2015). It is seen that the costs of results of Aldi are lower than that of Tesco and Wesfarmers. It is because of the absence of stock administration and dispersion of the items because of issues with the providers. In numerous nations, the transportation offices and other mechanical viewpoints are not practical (Bourlakis et al., 2014). It prompts lower benefit and bigger expense in the assembling of results of the agri-food organizations alongside support of the flexibly chain and coordinations parts of the organization. 2.Role of Culture in Promoting Efficient Competitive Supply Chain Culture deeply affects plan of techniques that helps organizations in building productive, serious and green flexibly chain the executives systems. For creating, productive and serious flexibly chain techniques, common trust, association, sharing data and participation among the diverse colleagues are fundamental (Younis et al., 2016). The component of corporate culture is somewhat not quite the same as that of countries culture. Agri-food organizations must achieve their corporate culture with the countries culture of their nation of activity. The meaning of culture comprises of the aggregate programming of the human personalities that is answerable for making separation from individuals of one culture to another culture (Schaltegger Burritt, 2014). Organizations must practice culturally diverse correspondence in building techniques for the providers and the providers set of accepted rules. The six standards are depicted in the accompanying that will help the agri-food organizations in building compelling and serious flexibly chain that improves relations with the providers (Notarnicola et al., 2017). Becoming more acquainted with increasingly about the providers guaranteeing the opposition between the providers as a chance of building connections or fortifying organizations Directing the providers Building up the specialized aptitudes of providers (Dries et al., 2014) Passing data to providers for improvement Cooperating with the providers in improving the flexibly chain forms (Cagliano, Worley Caniato, 2016) Aside from that, there are cost direction and contender direction that are considered as a major aspect of hierarchical culture that are utilized by these worldwide agri-food organizations that will concentrate both on the countries culture and authoritative culture (Shukla Jharkharia, 2013). Consequently, culture helps in improving representative relations just as improved and serious flexibly chain forms that will result into productivity. It is seen that American culture and Asian culture are not quite the same as each other. Providers set of accepted rules are figured in a manner so they can fill in according to the desires (Yu et al., 2014). Idea of Global Green Supply Chain The idea of green flexibly chain and coordinations is characterized as the gracefully fasten which is identified with the improved exhibition of the organization while estimating the properties of cost decrease, manageability, emanation decrease by utilizing the measurements of carbon impression and different mechanical perspectives (Aitken et al., 2016). The green gracefully chain is utilized by numerous organizations these days so as to keep up supportability in the pers

Head Chef Essay Example for Free

Head Chef Essay In the event that I wasn’t advised to pick a lifelong now, I wouldn’t have. In spite of the fact that I’ve had the inquiry â€Å"what would you like to be the point at which you develop up† continually in the rear of my psyche for as long as 4 years, I never truly thought of an unequivocal answer. Last September I began the culinary expressions program at the North Olympic Peninsula Skills Center and from that point forward I’ve understood that I truly appreciate cooking so I began to consider being a gourmet specialist as a profession. So as to turn into an official or head culinary expert you should have important instruction, preparing, and be eager to buckle down. With every one of these properties getting a situation as a gourmet specialist in a decent restriction isn't troublesome, and is exceptionally fulfilling. In the wake of doing a lot of research and conversing with a couple of culinary specialists I discovered that advanced education isn't required to turn into a head cook, however it wouldn’t hurt either. Numerous individuals considering turning into a gourmet specialist as a lifelong chose to go to a culinary school. One of the most notable culinary organizations is the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, New York. A full scholarly year at the CIA in 2011-2012 expense $39,440 (CCIA). There is no GPA necessity so as to apply to the CIA yet you should have your secondary school confirmation. As indicated by the CIA’s site before you can begin classes it is required that â€Å"you increase important involvement with one of two different ways before enlisting: by working in a non-inexpensive food foundation with an expert kitchen for a half year or by finishing culinary classes at either the secondary school or school level† (AR). In spite of the fact that instruction is significant, appropriate preparing is considerably increasingly fundamental. Some preparation a gourmet expert is required to have are blade abilities, food readiness and sanitation. Preparing of a cook normally comprises of an entry level position, apprenticeship, or externship, during which time the hopeful culinary expert will work in every aspect of the kitchen, acing all parts of food planning. Numerous culinary universities have an entry level position program set up to encounter the culinary business while picking up abilities and hands on understanding. On instruction and preparing in the event that you hope to go far as a culinary specialist there are sure abilities you ought to have, for example, high endurance, association, adaptability, cooperation, client center, and the longing to learn (SPCTP). Cooks work truly long days under high tension and ought to have the option to keep up an unmistakable psyche and keep on being gainful. A huge piece of being a culinary expert has to do with the clients; all things considered, without them you wouldn’t have an occupation. â€Å"A great gourmet expert realizes that clients need new, heavenly food that’s introduced appealingly, and does their best to ensure that occurs for each client that enters the restaurant† (SPCTP). I carried out my responsibility shadow with the head gourmet expert, Julie, at St. Andrews Place in Port Angeles, WA. At the point when I asked her what the most significant aptitude should have been acceptable at her specific employment was she stated, other than from realizing how to cook, time the board. Having been in the culinary expressions program and encountering the weight of completing to complete what should be, I concur. Time the executives is a significant ability to have in the culinary business. Most secondary schools have a culinary program that you could go to so as to acquire these abilities, or you could basically learn through hands on preparing. An ordinary day for a head gourmet specialist is not the same as that of an official cook. An official culinary expert works in a greater amount of an office style; driving different gourmet specialists, accomplishing more dinner arranging, and a ton of administrative work. Official culinary experts are scarcely on the line preparing with the exception of incidentally during supper surge. Head cooks might be associated with the feast arranging and some desk work yet for the most part work in the kitchen most of the time. Being a culinary expert methods working mornings, evenings, ends of the week, and occasions. â€Å"Depending on the size of the café or foundation, a head gourmet specialist may show up sooner than expected as 9 a.m. to start arranging the day’s menus and not leave until the supper surge is finished, n ow and again at 10 p.m. or on the other hand 11 p.m. Most culinary experts work in any event 12-hour days and commonly six days a week† (Buchan). Not exclusively is simply the workday long, yet the work is hard also; nearly the entire day is spent strolling or standing. So as to be a culinary expert you need to cherish what you do. â€Å"Passion. This is what is going to make all the penance, low compensation, and extended periods of time justified, despite all the trouble. You must have a characterized, energetic objective; something you need to move in the direction of. What's more, you have to have energy about food and some time or another being an expert cook. Without genuine energy, you will never prevail in an eatery kitchen†. (WIAPK) Being a culinary expert can be an upsetting activity and take a serious mental cost just as physical. Despite the fact that the work is troublesome, the prizes are well justified, despite all the trouble. The degree of pay for head gourmet experts differs relying upon where you work and who you work for. The individuals who get paid regularly work in upscale eateries and inns. As indicated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, â€Å"the middle yearly pay of culinary experts and head cooks was $40,630 in May 2010. The most minimal 10 percent earned under $23,260, and the best 10 percent earned more than $70,960† (CHCP). â€Å"Seventy percent of culinary experts working for bosses detailed accepting medicinal services benefits: 69 percent got clinical consideration, 51 percent got dental consideration and 36 percent got vision care† (SBC). This doesn't make a difference to independently employed gourmet specialists. Despite the fact that the compensation is average, on the off chance that you are going to seek after a vocation as a culinary specialist you shouldn’t do it essentially for the cash. Being a culinary expert has specifically satisfying compensations just as money related, for example, the fulfillment you feel when individuals love the food you’ve made. The culinary business is just expected to become 14% in all occupations among now and 2020 (CHCJO). In spite of the fact that the anticipated development isn’t a great deal, the culinary business is consistently needing new representatives. I feel like this would be a solid match for me since I have a considerable lot of the abilities should have been effective in the business as of now. I have been learning these aptitudes however the Culinary Arts program I have been taking at the North Olympic Skills Center. I have been presented to client assistance, blade aptitudes, food readiness, sanitation, HACCP logs, dish-pit, and have been told by my teacher that I have incredible time the executives abilities. As should be obvious, with an appropriate instruction, preparing, and difficult work, a profession as a gourmet specialist can be an incredibly compensating experience. The arrangement of food isn't just an occupation that fulfills people groups hunger, it is additionally a craftsmanship, and the gourmet specialists are the craftsmen.

How to write the best argumentative essay

How to write the best argumentative essay Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay Home›Tips for Students›Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay Tips for StudentsAn argumentative essay is a kind of paper, in which you have to establish a certain position on some topic and then use evidence to convince the reader to accept your opinion. To complete a good argumentative paper, you should investigate a couple of sides of the argument, which provides an opportunity to make an educated point of view. Then, it is necessary to collect evidence, including facts and statistic data, and add experts’ opinions.Generally, the major objective of argumentative papers is to persuade people to accept a certain viewpoint.How to Choose a Topic for an Argumentative EssayIf you are assigned to choose one of research argument topics, it is better to start with something you are acquainted with. Even if you are going to turn to the essay writing service for help, it will be much easier to speak about something you know. Besides, it will help you write a much more interesting paper. Besides, selecting an emotional topic for a  college argumentative essay outline is also a good option. One of the most effective ways to change a person’s opinion is to invest emotions.Choose Your Own Topic or Order a Customized PaperOur custom writing service offers a great list of topics for writing an argumentative paper. You can also use an opportunity to order an essay from us. In our company, we have only the best writers with great experience in paper writing. Each of them has written hundreds of academic papers for students from different countries. Our writers brainstorm their own ideas so that you do not have to worry about the originality of your paper. They know how to complete the best custom-written argumentative essay, which will meet all your requirements. Do not hesitate to contact us to get professional writing help.Steps of Writing an Argumentative EssayNow, if you have selected a topic for your argumentative e ssay, try to write down your thoughts on a chosen issue. Here are some pieces of advice on how to do it.Tips on writing an outstanding paper:In the first paragraph, provide a short review of the topic, which you have chosen among other research argument topics, explain its importance and present a clear thesis statement.When the introductory paragraph is ready, start writing the body of the article. In the body paragraphs, it is necessary to develop your arguments and support them with facts, statistic data and other reliable evidence. Make sure your support is logical, anecdotal, statistical, or factual depending on the chosen topic. In the body of your essay, describe the opposing opinions and explain why you think your point of view is right.The last paragraph is the concluding one. It is often considered the most important one as it leaves the reader with the most immediate impression. You have to synthesize the information you have presented in the body of your paper and restat e the importance of your topic, review major points and thesis statement. Make sure you do not present any new information in this paragraph.Connection WordsOne more useful piece of advice is to use connection words in your paper. These words are also called “transition words” or “transition phrases” and they hold the paper together by connecting thoughts and therefore, provide the flow of ideas.Here are some connection words grouped by function:Addition: additionally; also; and; as well as; equally; furthermore; in addition; like; not only…but also; not to mention; similarly; together with; tooContrast: after all; although; as much as; besides; but; conversely; despite; even so/though; however; in contrast; in spite of; nevertheless; notwithstanding; of course…, but; on the contrary; on the other hand; or; otherwise; rather; regardless;Cause or Purpose: as; as long as; because of; due to; for the purpose of; in case; in order to; only/even if; since; so that; unless; wh en; whenever; while; with this in mind;Examples or Support: another key point; by all means; especially; for example; for instance; for this reason; in other words; surprisingly; truly;Consequence or Result: accordingly; as a result; consequently; due to; for; for this reason; hence; in effect; in that case; since; so that; therefore; with the result thatConclusion / Summary / Restatement: after all; all things considered; as a result; consequently; generally speaking; in conclusion; in fact; to summarize.How Are Good Writing Skills Going to Help Me?Writing argumentative papers helps develop argumentative thinking, which you will need to achieve success in future. As a rule, businesses and partnerships prosper due to the argument. Being able to present right arguments means you can prove your position and win in many situations.Intellect rules the modern world. People who win concentrate on becoming better in their profession. That means we should not distract on things that are not important. That is right, if you want to achieve success, it is necessary to stay concentrated on what you would like to devote your life to. You have to conduct solid research to get better at your profession.However, not every student has good writing skills and can write essays. If you are one of those students, you can always turn to get professional help. We have been providing help for students with academic papers since 2005. You can use our services as one of numerous instruments of your career success strategy. We offer our writing help 24/7. Students from different countries have used our services and all of them are satisfied with our highly professional work.If you want to write an argumentative essay on your own, here is a good list of research argument topics you might like to choose:Middle/High School-LevelShould the number of passengers be limited in cars driven by minors?Should teenagers get their parents’ permission to buy contraceptives?College-LevelIn what cas es can military force be justified?Should parents be responsible for their children’s crimes?FunnyShould people believe in everything said in infomercial?Should funny animal videos be allowed on YouTube?Better AvoidedWhy do athletes make so much money?Can our political process be called fair?Ecological IssuesWhat can people do to stop rainforests destruction?Should we drill for oil in protected areas to reduce gas prices?ClassicSex education in schools as an effective way to eliminate teenage pregnancyThe negative effect of computer games on teenagersSociety and the MediaAre violent video games directly connected to violence in schools?How do the social media affect the female perception of the body image?IT SphereViolation of copyright rules by download sitesDo some Google services raise privacy and security concerns?BioethicsShould cloning be banned?Can you justify the use of animals for research purposes?Social ConcernsHow do cross-cultural marriages affect racial tolerance?Doe s single-parent children’s behavior differ from that of children with both parents?Topics for Legal DiscussionsCan the death penalty be justified?Can gun control reduce crime?Miscellaneous TopicsDo diets really help to get rid of extra weight?

Getting Rid of Fobias through Emotion Regulation - 1547 Words

Our emotions, whether it is momentary or long term such as fear for birds, can be controlled through â€Å"Emotion Regulation† (ER). ER has been defined in all sorts of ways, one definition that this text draws attention to is Calkins (2007), stating ER as the behaviours, skills and strategies regardless of it being automatic or effortful, that modulates affective arousal that facilitates adaptive functioning. ER is a dynamic system categorized into two main maladaptive styles, one recognised as over regulation which relates to internalised behaviours from regulation through self-control (Martins, Soares, C.Martins, Tereno and Osorio, 2012) and under regulation that involves uncontrollable negative emotion outbursts during engagement of goal-directed behaviours (Roberton, Daffern, Bucks., 2012). What has been made evident through research, is that this dynamic process of self-regulation, begins early in infancy and continues on through the later years in life (Miller, McDonou gh, Rosenblum., 2002; Martins et al., 2012). The whole dynamic nature of emotions is derived from infancy and the interactions that are shared during those stages. The construction of ER within Martins et al, 2012 has been labelled in two processes, one being intrinsic and the other being extrinsic. This text studies the maladaptive styles of emotion regulating, in particular, the cause of over regulating in infants. Related to ER, this text also highlights the association between infant emotion

Definition and Examples of Procatalepsis in Rhetoric

Procatalepsis is a  rhetorical strategy by which a speaker or writer anticipates and responds to an opponents objections. Also spelled prokatalepsis. Adjective: Procataleptic The  figure of speech and  argumentative strategy of procatalepsis is also known as  the  prebuttal, the figure of presupposal, anticipatio, and anticipated refutation. Nicholas Brownlees notes that procatalepsis is an effective rhetorical device in that while appearing  dialogic, in practice it allows the author to remain in complete control of the  discourse  (Gerrard Winstanley and Radical Political Discourse in Cromwellian England, 2006). Examples and Observations Listen, Liz, I know this is tough to hear, but—I know what youre going to say, she cut in, her voice quiet. I know what youre going to tell me to do. Accept it. Move on. Try to forget about what happened to him.He didnt respond. Shed second-guessed him.Right?Right.Well, its not so easy for me, she said. Im still here in London with all the memories, living next door to his empty house. I havent got myself a nice little holiday cottage in Devon to disappear to and forget about everything that happened.(Tim Weaver,  Never Coming Back. Viking, 2014) Frederick Douglass Use of  Procatalepsis I may be asked, why I am so anxious to bring this subject before the British public—why I do not confine my efforts to the United States? My answer is, first, that slavery is the common enemy of mankind, and all mankind should be made acquainted with its abominable character. My next answer is, that the slave is a man, and, as such, is entitled to your sympathy as a brother. All the feelings, all the susceptibilities, all the capacities, which you have, he has. He is a part of the human family. (Frederick Douglass, An Appeal to the British People. Reception speech at Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, England, May 12, 1846) Platos Use of  Procatalepsis Someone will say: Yes, Socrates, but cannot you hold your tongue, and then you may go into a foreign city, and no one will interfere with you? Now I have great difficulty in making you understand my answer to this. For if I tell you that this would be a disobedience to a divine command, and therefore that I cannot hold my tongue, you will not believe that I am serious; and if I say again that the greatest good of man is daily to converse about virtue, and all that concerning which you hear me examining myself and others, and that the life which is unexamined is not worth living—that you are still less likely to believe. And yet what I say is true, although a thing of which it is hard for me to persuade you. (Plato, Apology, trans. by Benjamin Jowett) Uses of Procatalepsis Strategically, procatalepsis shows  your readers that you have anticipated their concerns, and have already thought them through. It is, therefore, especially effective in argumentative essays...Procatalepsis can even be used if you dont have a full answer to the objection. By being honest about the fact that there are problems with your argument, you show your audience that you are grounded in reality. You should never, however, bring up an objection to which you cannot respond. (Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick, 2007)Often, a writer will invent a possible objection or difficulty  in order to answer it in a way that strengthens the writers position. In the event such an objection should arise, the reader has an answer already laid out...An objection can occasionally be  turned into a further point of support for the writers argument. Conceding an objection and then turning it into a point in the writers favor can be a powerful tactic. (Robert A Harris,  Writing With Clarity and Style: A Guide to Rhetorical Devices for  Contemporary Writers, 2003. Rpt. Routledge, 2017) More Examples of Procatalepsis He knows every harbor, every cove and inlet throughout the chain; he has to.Those are fine credentials, Geoffrey, but hardly the sort—Please, interrupted Cooke. I havent finished. To anticipate your objection, hes a retired officer of US Naval Intelligence. Hes relatively young, early to mid-forties, Id say, and Ive no real knowledge of why he left the service, but I gather the circumstances werent very pleasant. Still, he could be an asset on this assignment. (Robert Ludlum, The Scorpio Illusion, 1993)No group in America has had as poor a start as the first Africans. Youll argue that other groups had to suffer indignities and even slavery, but I immediately remind you that they migrated (i.e. came by choice). Africans were wrenched (even if purchased) from their homeland, brutalized and forced to work for free. (Nashieqa Washington, Why Do Black People Love Fried Chicken? And Other Questions Youve Wondered But Didnt Dare Ask. Your Black Friend, 2006)

Analysis of Kony 2012 Campaign Free Essays

Campaign: Kony 2012 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc Short versions: http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Kony 2012 Campaign or any similar topic only for you Order Now youtube. com/watch? v=j36n8Kn_lUY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VWd0veKp1R0hd=1 (this may be a stronger version) 1. Why we are choosing this one: This was a very successful campaign. Most of our group had heard about the Kony campaign and have shared with more than one friend; thus it was a successful viral marketing campaign. The statistics show that 112 million people viewed this video in one week. 2. The Message Targeted towards people who are obliged humanitarian causes. Help create awareness of the campaign, which is to imprison Kony by December 2012 with the help of aid from foreign and Ugandan governments. To do this, they were selling products and promoting a â€Å"Cover the Night† day in which individuals who wear/post/display their products. The video tells you to make these purchases in order to help fight Kony, there are links to the website from the video and so the purpose of the campaign was very clear and relevant. The Messenger is Jason Russell who is the co-founder of Invisible Children. The film’s purpose is to promote the charity’s â€Å"Stop Kony† movement to make Ugandan cult and militia leader Joseph Kony known to the international world in order to have him arrested by December 2012. Joseph Kony is already an indicted war criminal in the International Criminal Court. Environment – right time and right place. People are interested in this type of cause and it is popular to be a humanitarian right now. It was spread through YouTube, Facebook and Twitter. People feel good sharing this type of information; it makes the Sender feel as though they are helping a good ause and so they feel good. The result It was a triumph in that it has been viewed by more than 92 million people on YouTube and 20 million more on Vimeo, so well over 112 million people by the end of the first week. This is the same amount of people who watched the Super Bowl. (Visible Measures) After ten days, 52% of adults in the US had heard of the video. (PEW research cent er) More people viewed the video in such a short amount of time than any other video on the internet (to date). Kony 2012 facts and figures: http://static. guim. co. k/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/4/20/1334929057518/Kony-2012-in-facts-and-fi-009. jpg Invisible Children won’t yet say how much money it made from Kony 2012, but by conservative estimates, it has likely tripled its $13. 7 million 2011 revenue and it’s possible that the actual number is much, much higher. (http://www. businessweek. com/articles/2012-08-30/kony-2012-guerrilla-marketing) [Add details regarding how it was spread] Celebrities have helped spread the message (Justin Bieber, Kim Kardashian, Rihanna, Oprah Winfrey) Why did it work? The film discusses the desire to share, to be part of something, to inform others. Within the first two minutes, has drawn people in and makes them curious as to what is next. It was a very good quality video; both in resolution and the way it was directed. The director of the film, Jason Russell, is very personable. He is using people emotions to make them feel part of the problem. He even involves his own child in the film to make everyone feel that they are connected to this problem. People really want to feel like they are helping a good cause. It was also really the right moment. The film uses everything that is popular right now to keep people’s attention – instagram photos, facebook timeline. People, especially young people and hipsters, really want to help. The products were not very expensive but enabled the viewer to feel as though they were part of the video and â€Å"creating history. † The video emphasizes being part of, and making, history. Purchasing the products allowed for those who wanted to participate in Cover the Night to be part of the â€Å"in† group. Additionally, famous and important people became involved and vouched for it. Many politicians and even celebrities became involved. What could have been improved? After the video there were allegations that the project was a scam. The Ugandan people were claiming that Kony was not even in Uganda and so contributing to this campaign will not help us. Also there was a rumor that the US wanted to have a reason to come into Uganda for oil. So they could have been their intentions more clear and probably clarified that even if Kony is currently not residing in Uganda, he still must be found and arrested. How to cite Analysis of Kony 2012 Campaign, Essay examples

The Transformation of Giles Corey Essay Example

The Transformation of Giles Corey Essay Although Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, focuses primarily on other characters, Giles Corey presents an interesting view of how circumstances can force a man to examine his own views and step into becoming a staunch advocate for the truth and a role model for others. In his first appearance, Corey seems to be a fairly typical cantankerous old man. He arrives with John Proctor in Rev. Parris’s house because he’s curious about the rumors of magic. He asks if Betty Parris is â€Å"going to fly again† (16). Yet, he seems more interested in his argument with Parris about whether or not firewood is included in Parris’s salary than he is in witchcraft. He asks Hale if there’s any significance to his wife reading books, but mostly just because his wife won’t tell him what she’s reading. In all, Corey appears as a man more curious than convicted. Soon, however, Corey has a more personal interest in the witchcraft trials. In act two we find out his wife has been accused, and he tells Hale he never meant to cast any doubt on her with his questions about her reading. He says Mr. Cheever will â€Å"burn in Hell† for cooperating with the court (35) and wails to Hale that the accusations â€Å"are a fraud† (37). In act three, Giles begins to take action to defend his wife and others. He presents the court with a petition of good citizens attesting to his wife’s good character. He is dismayed that he has â€Å"broke charity with the woman† (40). We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Giles Corey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Giles Corey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Giles Corey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Danforth demands the name of the man Giles says told him Putnam was forcing his daughter to make false accusations, Giles refuses to give him the name because he has already seen that anyone brought before the court is in great danger. Despite being threatened with prison, Corey stands his ground and refuses to cooperate with a court he has seen to be corrupt. Finally, we hear one more mention of Corey’s character. Elizabeth Proctor tells John that when Corey was accused of witchcraft, he refused to enter a plea, thereby preventing them from putting him on trial. He withstood the cruelty of being pressed to force him to enter a plea, and his stubborn refusal, right before his death, voiced in his request that they pile on â€Å"more weight† (59) becomes an episode treated with reverence by both John and Elizabeth Proctor. After his first appearance as a fairly noncommittal character, Corey is gradually hardened by the obvious injustice of the witchcraft trials until he is able to resist their proceedings and become an example of a man who will not compromise his values, even to save his own life.

Are You The Only Person on LinkedIn without a RESUME

Are You The Only Person on LinkedIn without a RESUME There’s no real situation where not having a resume is acceptable these days. You want to be ready to go, with a sheet of paper to back you up, if you need to let someone know about your career history and accomplishments. There are too many steps in the hiring process now to rely on that friend you worked with one time will be able to hook you up with your next incoming gig. Practice framing every project you work on- whether you’re a copywriter or a graphic designer, a marketing consultant or a specialized salesperson- in language someone can understand. You need a position title, company, location, description of work, and dates the work was performed for every single one!Here are some professionals who often don’t have resumes and need to get with the program:Long TermersPeople who’ve been in the same job for a while and would be willing to move on, even if they’re not actually looking. You need to be ready if the next great opportunity comes al ong.Business OwnersEven if you’re an entrepreneur with your own name on the door, clients may want to see who you’ve worked with or approach you about collaborating.New ParentsWhether you’re tag-teaming the double-earner lifestyle or one of you has decided on child-rearing full time, odds are you still have some projects filling your precious free time. Volunteer involvement, blogging, photography, project management- even if the volume isn’t what you were used to pre-baby, demonstrating continuity of work can be crucial to rejoining the workforce full-time once the kiddo is back in school.Literally Everyone†¦ Yes, YouSome day you will be searching for work again. Make updating or customizing your resume at 10-minute task instead of a multi-hour search and rescue mission. Keep it live and up-to-date on LinkedIn, accessible as a Google doc and pdf, and retain a copy of every version in case you need to go back for a specific bit of experience. Future you will thank current you.  Why Everyone Needs A Resume – Even YOU  Read More at Careerealism

APA and MLA Style Guides

APA and MLA Style Guides APA and MLA Style Guides APA and MLA Style Guides By Maeve Maddox Research is a messy business. Even when the object of the research is as limited as looking for a car or renting a house, materials accumulate: newspaper and magazine clippings, brochures, envelopes and bits of paper with names, prices, phone numbers and dates of availability jotted on them. Keeping track of these materials can be a nuisance, but for the shopper, once the desired transaction has been completed, all the source material may be discarded. Academic or scientific research intended to result in a written presentation is a different matter. All of the notes, clippings, and online documents consulted during the course of the research must be organized and presented in such a way that anyone who wishes to verify the findings may do so. That’s where the APA and MLA guidelines come in. They provide writers of research papers a systematic way to organize and present information gathered in the course of their investigations. APA = American Psychological Association (Amazon link) MLA = Modern Language Association (Amazon link) Students need to know at the outset whether they will be using MLA or APA. They can save time by recording their sources in the appropriate format for in-text citations and the bibliography. A citation is a reference quoted in the text of the research paper. A bibliography is a list of books and other source materials used in writing the research paper. It follows the text. Unlike professional scholars, who may decide for themselves which guide to use, students writing a paper for a school assignment depend upon their teachers to specify which guide to follow. Teachers of art, history, language, literature, music, philosophy or religion will most likely recommend MLA. Teachers of biology, math, health, journalism, or psychology may specify APA. APA- and MLA-formatted papers have slightly different appearances. An APA paper includes an abstract at the front; MLA does not. Long quotations are indented differently. The list of sources at the end is headed â€Å"References† in APA and â€Å"† in MLA. Sources are formatted a little differently. For example, APA emphasizes publication date: MLA According to Pernoud and Clin, â€Å"the chivalric rules of previous centuries had fallen into disuse† (194). APA According to Pernoud and Clin (1986), â€Å"the chivalric rules of previous centuries had fallen into disuse† (194). Both guides stress the importance of avoiding plagiarism by crediting ideas to sources. Both address the topic of suitable expression, but APA goes into more detail than MLA in specifying vocabulary perceived to be offensive. APA format was designed for researchers in the field of psychology. The emphasis is on such sources as technical reports, proceedings of meetings, and dissertations. Its format addresses the inclusion of extra materials (addenda) such as charts and questionnaires. MLA was designed for the study of the products of creative thought. It provides numerous examples of how to cite books, anthologies, audiovisual material, (including motion pictures), and sources like interviews, advertisements, websites, and cartoons. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†15 Great Word Games7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Fiber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fiber - Essay Example However, with advances in the scientific field the various health benefits of fiber were identified. Hence regular consumption of generous amounts of dietary fiber in the diet has been proven to reduce the risk for developing several diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, blood pressure, gall stones, diseases of the colon and it has also been found to boost the immune system (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d). Research studies have revealed that people consume less than the recommended levels of dietary fiber. The amount of dietary fiber intake depends on the age, gender and total calorie intake (Anderson et al, n.d). The major advantage provided by dietary fiber is the presence of a mixture of bio-molecules along with the fiber which may include vitamins, minerals or phytochemicals which actually contribute to protection against diseases (Dietary fiber, 1996). The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension which affects a majority of the population worldwide can be effectively reduced by consumption of sufficient amounts of dietary fiber. Fiber reduces the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Many studies beginning from 1982 have proven the effect of dietary fiber intake, especially the whole grains, on the risk of cardiovascular disease (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d ; Rosamond, 2002). While the exact mechanism by which dietary fiber reduces the risk of heart diseases is not known, it is however, found to effect serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids in the small intestine and thus increasing their elimination from the body via feces (Dietary fiber, 1996; Anderson et al, n.d). In addition, dietary fiber also has an advantage of low-cost can be beneficial to all classes of

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial management - Essay Example Shareholders are interested to know if the risk they took in investing in the company provided returns that increase the wealth not only of the company but also of the shareholders as well. II. Critical evaluation of corporate governance of a selected company   The company that is the subject for evaluation of governance in this paper is Leeds PLC. Leeds PLC is the Group has been mainly engaged in textile processing, specialising in fabric printing and yarn dyeing, and by 1996 had manufacturing operations in UK, Holland and Italy. Leeds Group’s trading operations are conducted by Hemmers-Itex Textil Import Export GmbH. Hemmers is based in Nordhorn, Germany and has a Chinese subsidiary based in Shanghai. Together these companies employ some 120 people and achieved fabric sales of 13.1 million linear metres in the year ended 30 September 2009 (Leeds Group 2012). Inferring from the annual report of Leeds PLC, it can be said that the company is conservative in applying its cost. Conservative in applying cost meant providing generous allowance for expense to have a more accurate and realistic cost of the company. In fact, Leeds PLC may be one of few companies who are â€Å"honest enough† to reflect a s of ?454,000 in the fiscal year 2012 (Leeds Group PLC 2012) that would be seen by its shareholders. It is tough for the company to reflect a loss on annual report because it may not sit well with the shareholders who might withdraw their investments in the company and leave the company broke affecting not only its liquidity but also its financial position. The company recognized its loans and receivables at its fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate less provision for impairment (19). Impairment is the difficulty of the part of counter party or default or significant delay in payment. This is significant to mention because Leeds PLC recognize the risk associated in loans and receivables with the provision of impairment which a typical company may not recognize because this could mean an expense that will deduct income. It also reflect as current liabilities cash and cash equivalents that have maturities of three months or less which a less prudent company may hesitate to reflect it in their current liabilities because it will adversely affect their profitability ratio. The company can also be construed as prudent and perhaps more ethical in its expenditure because it made no contributions to political parties but rather donated to UK charities amounting to ?250,000. It also tests its goodwill whether it has suffered any impairment which is a good business practice because it helps the company to remain a going concern in the future. III. Theory   Corporate governance is the business practice of organizations being more mindful to their responsibilities to future generations as well as stakeholders, government and the general public. Until recently, there is a growing trend that or ganizations success’ are not only measured in financial terms but also in the socially responsible practice of f corporate governance because such practice has also economic value (Kemp 2011). Such ethical corporate governance are also to be incorporated in Company Social Responsibility (CSR) which Moir defined as the ‘‘enlightened self-interest or a moral approach linked to social expectations’’ (2001: 17). IV. Relation between performance and corporate governa

Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC

Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC Ineffective Breathing Pattern Informatics is defined as the collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge (Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 2014). Moreover, nursing informatics is defined as a specialization of nursing that revolves around the characteristics of data, information, and knowledge combined (CCN, 2014). The progression of the three characteristics mentioned, coupled with the application of wisdom, serve to provide the framework for nursing informatics’ metastructure (CCN, 2014). Nursing informatics, although often unrealized, is utilized in a myriad of ways by nurses to not only support the work that they do, but to also aid in the decision-making process for patients and other healthcare providers such to achieve favorable outcomes, (CCN, 2014). One very important example of how nurses use informatics is through the utilization of nursing terminology. According to Hardiker (2012, p. 112), â€Å"nursing terminology serves as a vehicle to permit nurses to capture, represent, access, and communicate data, information, and knowledge. In addition, a standardized nursing terminology is a nursing terminology that is in some way approved by an appropriate authority, or by general consent; In North America, one such authority is the American Nurses Association â€Å". The following paper is a detailed review by the author regarding a nurse-patient scenario as it flows through three standardized nursing terminologies: NANDA, NIC, and NOC while subsequently being critiqued against the metastructure of nursing informatics, mentioned above. In conclusion, the author will summarize this paper by drawing the sections of the paper together and offering his own perspective gained through this experience. Ineffective Breathing Pattern: NANDA-I, NIC, NOC NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) together provide a set of terminology to afford comprehensive, research-based, standardized classifications of nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes (NNN, 2014). NANDA-I serves as a nursing terminology that maintains an agreed set of nursing diagnoses organized as a multiaxial taxonomy of domains and classes (Hardiker, 2012, p. 113). According to Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, and Wagner (2013), â€Å"NIC is a comprehensive, research-based, standardized classification of interventions that nurses perform. NIC covers physiological and psychological interventions. As with NANDA-I, NIC interventions are organized into classes and domains†. According to Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, and Swanson (2013), â€Å"NOC is a comprehensive, standardized classification of patient/client outcomes developed to evaluate the effe cts of interventions provided by nurses or other health care professionals. As with NANDA-I and NIC, NOC’s outcomes work in unison to assist patient outcomes†. As a nurse on a medical/surgical/telemetry floor this author encounters a very diverse range of patients with a plethora of morbidities; one very common admitting diagnosis is: Ineffective Breathing Pattern. â€Å"I can hardly breath and I’m scared; it seems as if this is getting worse, please help me†. NANDA-I defines an ineffective breathing pattern as: inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation (Ralph Taylor, 2011). Patient X has respirations of 32, pulse of 118, a blood pressure of 145/92, and presents with nasal flaring, and her lips are pursed as she has an increased focus on trying to breathe while currently on 3 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula. Pt. X’s health history reveals a retired patient with end-stage COPD, obesity, and she has been a smoker for well over thirty years; her COPD has worsened through the years and she has developed an increasing level of anxiety. Pt. X has been admitted to the hospital several times o ver the past several years with similar complaints; however, over the past six months her condition has worsened. Applying NIC to this scenario it is suggested that the nurse encourage slow, deep breathing, have the patient sit up in bed, turn frequently and cough; the nurse is to monitor respiratory and oxygenation status, as appropriate. In addition, the nurse should ascertain whether the patient’s dyspnea is physiological, psychological, or a combination of both. Last but not least, applying NOC to this patient scenario, the patient through utilization of the NIC interventions, the patient will report the ability to breath comfortably and demonstrate the ability to perform pursed-lip breathing to assist controlling her breathing; moreover, her vital signs will fall into normal ranges: respirations less than 20, pulse less than 100, and a reduced blood pressure that is near her baseline which is 120/80. As a result, the patient should be able to vocalize less stress related to her breathing, and understand how to alleviate future episodes ((Ralph Taylor, 2011). In a textbook situation, referring to the nursing standard terminologies of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC should provide a foundation for assisting one’s patient encountering an ineffective breathing pattern. Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom A familiarity regarding standard nursing terminologies provides an excellent reference for nursing; however, a large majority of nurses have a limited knowledge or experience with standard nursing terminologies (Schwiran Thede, 2011). Remarkably, having a familiarity with diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes is only that, a familiarity. A good nurse recognizes that a text-book definition and guidelines are simply tools to assist in the overall care for one’s patient. By placing Patient X’s scenario into the nursing informatics’ metastructure, care for one’s patient base can be greatly enhanced. First, one has to account for the raw data: increased respirations, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and a heightened anxiety level. It is very important when providing patient care to remember that data, by itself has no particular meaning (CCN, 2014). Second, by retrieving all recorded data for patient X, reviewing trends, and placing her current data in contextual review allows a nurse to convert this raw data into information (CCN, 2014). A review of patient X’s data reveals that her current assessment presents data that exceeds her normal baselines. Third, by taking into consideration patient X’s physiological data as well as her physiologic and psychological presentation coupled with the nurse’s working knowledge base and experience regarding the information presented, this nurse recognizes patient X as having an ineffective breathing pattern. Last but not least, wisdom is realized by not only having an appropriate knowledge base to address the patient’s current health scenario but the skill-set, experience, and critical thinking skills of knowing when and how to take action (CCN, 2014; McKie, et al., 2012). Conclusion According to Robert and Petersen (2013), â€Å"Nurses must be able to think critically to face the challenges of today’s burgeoning technological advances, and ensure safe passage and positive outcomes for patients†. The referenced quote sums up the writing of this paper’s message and the realized experience while writing this paper by its author. Nursing is a very complex profession that has many tools to advance and evolve. By reviewing patient X’s condition, applying it through the nursing terminologies of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC, and subsequently reviewing it against nursing informatics’ metastructure one can clearly understand that there are many platforms available to properly assist in the care for not only patient X, but our community at-large. References Bulechek, G., Butcher, H., Dochterman, J., Wagner, C. (Eds.). (2013). Nursing interventions classification (NIC) (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2014). NR512 Fundamentals of Nursing Informatics: Weeks 1-3 Lessons [PowerPoint]. St. Louis, MO Online Publication. Hardiker, N. (2012). Developing standardized terminologies to support nursing practice. In D. McGonigle K. Mastrian (Eds.), Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (2nd ed.). (pp. 111–120), Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Informatics. Merriam webster online dictionary. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/informatics McKie, A., Baguley, F., Guthrie, C., Jackson, C., Kirkpatrick, P., Laing, A., Wimpenny, P. (2012). Exploring clinical wisdom in nursing education. Nursing Ethics, 19(2), 252-267. doi:10.1177/0969733011416841 Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M., Swanson, E. (Eds.). (2013). Nursing outcomesclassification (NOC) (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. NNN.(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nanda.org/nanda-i-nic-noc.html Ralph, S. S., Taylor, C. M. (2011, 8th ed.). Sparks and Taylor’s Nursing DiagnosisReference Manual. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams Wilkins Robert, R.R, Petersen, S. (2013). Critical thinking at the bedside: Providing safe passage to patients. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(2), 85-118. Schwiran, P. M., Thede, L. Q. (2011). Informatics: The standardized nursing terminologies: A national survey of nurses experiences and attitudes. Online Journal Of Issues In Nursing, 16(2), 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No02InfoCol01 Public private partnership: Part II Public private partnership: Part II PPP is an agreement/contract between Public agencies and Private sectors. Public and Private sectors joins hands to undertake a project. Public and Private Partnership may be defined as A corporate venture between the Public and Private sectors, build on the expertise of each partner that meets clearly defined Public needs through the appropriate allocation of resources, risk and rewards. PPP is a joint venture of Public and Private sectors and collaboration between Public and Private sectors. The PPP depend on the expertise of both the Public and Private sectors. PPP is a contract that involves a contract between Public and Private sector in which Private sectors provide a Public services/Projects and assume substantial, financial, technical and operational risk in the project. PPP is a step toward involving Private sector and to hold them accountable for input. PPP address peoples needs clearly through the appropriate allocation of resources, risk and rewards. PPP is growing day to day because it is an efficient way of delivering the Public services to the masses. ADVANTAGES OF PPP: Some of the advantages are Diversification of Risk. Efficiency. Cost effective ( time and money saving). Creation of value added goods and services. Accountability for provision of quality services. Effective utilization of state assets. Innovation and diversity in Public Private services. DISADVANTAGES OF PPP: Disadvantages of PPP are Complexity of the Project. A construction delay in the projects. Operational difficulty. Financial risk.(the risk that the project dont get funds/finance). Commercial risk (Demand and payment risk). Changes in Exchange rates. Regulatory (Changes in laws like tariffs) Political situation. Force majeure (Natural disasters). TYPES OF PPP MODELS: Different types of PPP models are Service contracts. Management contracts. Leasing contracts. Concession contracts. Green field contracts. Build, Operate transfer contracts. In design build finance contracts. Now a brief overview of these contracts and their strengths and weaknesses. Service contracts: Service contracts is a contract between public agencies and private sectors and is suited for simple and short term requirements. It is the limited type of PPPs model. In this agreement the Private party procure operation of an assets for short period. The period of two to five years. In this contract the responsibility for investment and management of the project are of the Public sector and also bears the financial and residual value risks. While the Private sector provides the services. Potential Strengths: The main advantages of service contracts are It provides us relatively low risk option for the expansion of Private sector. It is less expensive to deliver the public services. It encourages the competition the Private sector. It is a good source of technology transfer. It is less costly. Potential weakness: The main disadvantages of this contract is It is a short term contract/project and is not suitable for to pool up capital. Loss of managerial control. Loss of flexibility. Loss of internal and external focus. Loss of competitive edge. Management contracts: In this type of Contracts the responsibility for the operation and management is passed to the Private sectors. The life of these types of contracts are from three to five years but can be extended. The Private sector/party is remunerated/hired on a fixed fee basis or on the incentives or bonuses basis linked to a related or specific task. In these types of contracts the Public sector bears the financial and investment risks. This is an efficient way undertaking a project because the Private sector is efficient and have enough skills and strong interest in improving the service quality. Potential strengths: The main advantage of these contracts are that the ownership remains with the Government and only the operation and management is transferred to the Private party. Management contracts are less controversial in nature. These types of contracts are less expansive because the Private sector is more efficient and can do the job betterly than the Public sector because of the experienced and skilled management. Potential weakness: Some of the major disadvantages of management contracts are The government gives a certain portion of control to the Private sector which may lead to low quality services. Delay in time. The flexibility in these contracts are finished or reduced. The quality of the product is reduced. The Private party must be clearly evaluated for best performance. Leasing contracts: Leasing means when one party lesser gives his assets to another party lessee on some fixed payments. In leasing the Private party purchase the income streams generated by the Public owned assets for an exchange of fixed leased payments and the Private party is responsible for maintenance and operation of the assets. The duration of leasing is from ten to twelve years. Leasing contract is best for Infrastructure development. Potential strengths: The leasing finance is a fixed rate finance. Leasing is inflation friendly. Through leasing and this contract brings efficiency in the Public service delivery. In leasing contracts the Private sector competitively bid for the lease means providing the services to the general people. The increase in the leasing contracts is almost due to the improved and new technology. Potential weakness: As we know that the leasing contract is based on the streams of payments/installments made by the Private sector but if the Private sector doesnt make payment in time than a problem arises and one of the main disadvantage of leasing contract for the Private sector is that the responsibility for maintenance and capital investment is of Private sector. Concession contracts: Concession contracts is a type of leasing contracts in which the ownership of the assets remain with the Government and the Private party is responsible for the maintenance of the assets and also to provide the capital investment and at the end or completion of the project the Government receive the project and pay a certain sum of amount to the Private party according to the contract. In these type of contracts the Government gives concession to the Private sectors to explore some thing like oil and gas. Potential strengths: The advantages of the concession contract is that it mobilize the funds/capital from the Private sector for the construction and exploration of existing projects. In concession contracts the Government assets are properly utilized and maintained by the Private sector efficiently and after completion the Private sector gives the project/assets to the Government and the Government pays a certain amount of money to the Private sector according to the contract. Through bidding the contract Government creates competition among the Private sector which leads to low cost. Potential weakness: One of the major disadvantage of this contract is that the timing/validity of these projects are more and these contracts are long term contracts which leads to complexity. The maturity of these projects are more than 20 years. Due to the longer period it is difficult to manage and organized. It requires complex monitoring and design system and also reduce competition because a few big Private contractors are available. Green field contracts: These types of contracts are mostly used for the development of new projects. In these type of contracts the government only provide the land to the private sector. Examples of Greenfield contracts are projects like new factories, airports, development of parks which are build from scratch. Potential strengths: In green field contracts the Government only provide the assets and the Private sector build, design, develop and manage the assets. It is used for developing the new projects like parks and airports etc. Build, operate transfer contracts: In these types of contracts the Private party is responsible for the designing, constructing and the operation of the assets. In these types of contracts the government bears the financial risk but have control to stop the project at any stage. These types of contracts are best for water and wastage projects. BOT has the following types. Built own operate transfer (BOOT). Built lease operate transfer (BLOT). Built rent operate transfer (BROT). Potential strengths: The risk is shared with the Private sector. Due to the efficiency in the Private sector the Government gives projects to the Private sector. The Private sector is responsible for the design, construction and service delivery. The Government gives these types of projects mostly to the experienced and skilled Private sectors. It also facilitate the transfer of advanced technology by introducing international contractors in the host country. It is an effective way to bring the Private funds for development of new projects like infrastructure and water enhancement development. Potential weakness: Some of the main disadvantage of this contract is that it is not suitable for small projects. The transaction cost in the BOT is higher as compared to the other contracts. The success of the BOT project depends upon the funds raising and when substantial revenue are generated in the project during the operation phase. BOT contracts may be costly some times. In design build finance contracts: In these types of contracts the Private sector/party design the goods and services according to the requirement setted by the Government entities. These type of contracts are best for roads construction and water. Potential strengths: The Private sector contractor is responsible for the design and the construction. Subject to the provision that the contractor is not, under an unamended JCT WCD, responsible for any design provided to him in the Employers Requirements document, the employer should have a single point of responsibility and liability against the contractor. This is more advantageous than the traditional forms of contract where the employer has entered into separate construction and design agreements. A common problem being that if a claim is made, the contractor, architect or other design consultants may argue over the extent of their responsibility. This contract is time saving means that the Private sector are interested to complete the project quickly and is also cost saving and the product is of good quality because the Private sector is more efficient than Public sector and the product is prepared according to the government requirements. Potential weakness: The main disadvantage of this contract is that government mostly give the projects to the large Private sectors and ignores the small Private sector and also reduce the competition through ignoring the small sectors. There may arise the problem of favoritism and also the cost of project may arise through reducing competition in the Private sector and also may arise problems in designing. The perception remains, certainly amongst architects, that design and build is not the appropriate procurement method where design quality is a high priority. There is only limited scope for the employer to make changes to his requirements once the Employers Requirements and Contractors Proposals have been agreed otherwise the cost consequences may be prohibitive. A case of Public Private Partnership of the Melaka-Manipal Medical College: Background: Melaka-Manipal Medical College is the first Indo-Malaysian joint venture in private medical education. The proposal was conceived from the Look East Policy of the former Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad. He recognized the need for greater South-South cooperation in the economic and social sectors. This led to the signing of an agreement in New Delhi in 1993, witnessed by both the Prime Ministers of Malaysia and India. The agreement was between the Joint Venture Medical College Corporation (JVMC) Malaysia and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) India to offer a twinning programme leading to the MBBS degree. The objective was to provide additional doctors for Malaysia and offer opportunities for students in this region to study medicine at a cheaper cost than in the West. From 1953 to 1993, Manipal had trained over 2700 doctors from Malaysia. The situation changed in 1993 with the new policy on admission of foreign students to medical colleges in India. Malaysia was s uddenly in urgent need of training opportunities within a minimum lead period. The Melaka-Manipal Medical College seemed to be an excellent idea. The Partnership Process The partners in the Joint Venture Medical College are: State Government of Melaka. Manipal Group. Members of the Indian Diaspora. Contribution of Government of Malaysia Use of Hospitals and Health Centers in two states MMMC is allowed to use the facilities of the General Hospital at Muar and Melaka and Health Centers for the purpose of the teaching and training of students. Teaching Staff Consultants in the hospitals assist in the clinical training of the students. Over 100 consultants work as part time teachers. The Malaysian Medical Council considers the services of 3 part time faculty equivalent to 1 full time employee. Supervisory and Advisory Services The government regulatory bodies i.e. the Malaysian Medical Council and the National Accreditation Board supervise and provide advisory services to ensure maintenance of minimum standards in conformity with government regulations. Financial Assistance to students Government agencies provide scholarship to deserving students admitted to MMMC. Contribution of Private Partners Basic Science Training at Manipal There is a shortage of basic science Faculty in Malaysia hence the excellent facilities at the Manipal Campus India are used for the first phase. Infrastructure for the Melaka Campus Construction of the campus at Melaka including hostel and recreational facilities comparable to the best in the country. Provision of Patient-Care Service MMMC provides faculty to augment patient-care at the hospitals and health centers. Provision of trained medical officers to meet countrys requirement The newly graduated doctor is required to undergo compulsory rotating resident houseman ship for a period of one year. Training of staff in the Health Centers and arranging CME for doctors These activities help in upgrading the standards of doctors and Para medical personnel in the health centers. The CMEs arranged allow doctors to keep abreast with advancing medical knowledge. BENEFITS FOR ALL, A WIN WIN SITUATION: Outcomes and Benefits for Malaysia The Joint Venture helps the health sector in Malaysia to move towards the desired doctor: population ratio in a planned manner. MMMC has contributed 213 doctors in the past two years. Since the clinical training is carried out in Government Hospitals and Health Centers in Malaysia, the graduates are very conversant with the functioning of the government health sector and national health policies. Induction of trained faculty from India augments the specialist manpower in Malaysia. The Melaka-Manipal Medical College would otherwise have drawn a large number of specialists from the Malaysian health delivery system. There is an extreme shortage of teachers in Basic Sciences hence this phase of training is carried out in India. The college helps to create an academic and research environment in the Government Hospitals used for teaching, thus upgrading their quality of care. Benefits for the Students An opportunity to study medicine in a situation where capacity is restricted. Cost of education is considerably less than studying in the western countries. Living on a multidisciplinary university campus at Manipal gives the student a unique cross-cultural experience and builds confidence and independence. The student becomes a part of an esteemed educational system with an international reputation and a worldwide alumnus. The clinical phase is carried out in government hospitals in Malaysia where the students work with patients and staff from different ethnic backgrounds akin to their own. This allows for effective communication and rapport and seamless merger into the environment into which they ultimately will work. Benefit Outcomes for the Private Partners For Manipal, the establishment of the college in Malaysia, gives the opportunities to: Establishing a medical college in the minimum lead period and at favorable costs because of the public-private partnerships. Retain old links with India, having trained 2700 Malaysian doctors in Manipal To establish its reputation and brand name Overseas to acquire the best practices in medical education and health delivery and to prepare for global competition Limiting Factors for A PPP: Medical Education in India is regulated by the Medical Council and the Ministry of Health. The present statutory conditions imposed by the MCI do not allow for the flexibility that is required to foster partnerships between the Public and Private sectors. The regulations are too stringent with regard to ownership and operation of teaching hospitals, For the local partners to share in the thrill of creating an institution in the service of their country and the reputation and financial gains that will accrue in the future. Conclusion of the Case: It has been a very rewarding experience to work with the public sector in Malaysia. Good governance and an enabling environment have allowed for a trickle down effect, in that the value of such cooperative efforts seems to be known to all categories of employees. This facilitates excellent work relationships allowing for a participatory process which is stimulating. The Regulatory process is positive with the correct focus on quality. As an incremental approach Manipal is exploring the possibilities of starting Dental, Pharmacy, and Allied Health Programmes. The success of the venture is due to the pragmatic approach of the Government of Malaysia towards Public Private Partnerships in education and healthcare. Conclusions: From the above discussion and after studying the models of PPP it is clear that The Partnership is not always fruitful for the Government SO a Government should enter to contracts with Private sector after assessing the Private sector efficiency and the Government must have to share the risk with the Private party. If Government does not transfer an appropriate level of risk to the private sector then it should not be availed. But after entering the successful contract with the Private sector the Government can easily deliver quality services. References: Articles from Newsletter. www.pppcouncil.ca www.pcp.org.pk www.books.google.com.pk Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2005) by Nagra JS. Article by Mohammed Jalaudin.

Database Management System and Data

Chapter 11: ReviewQuestion: 1. Explain the main differences between a file processing system and a database system ANS: Some main differences between a database management system and a file processing system are:Both systems contain a collection of data and a set of programs which access that data. A DBMS coordinates both the physical and the logical access to the data, whereas a file-processing system coordinates only the physical access. A DBMS reduces the amount of data duplication by ensuring that a physical piece of data is available to all programs authorized to have access to it, whereas data written by one program in a file-processing system may not be readable by another program.A DBMS is designed to allow flexible access to data (i. e. , queries), whereas a file-processing system is designed to allow pre-determined access to data (i. e. , compiled programs).A DBMS is designed to coordinate multiple users accessing the same data at the same time.A file-processing system is u sually designed to allow one or more programs to access different data files at the same time. In a file-processing system, a file can be accessed by two programs concurrently only if both programs have read-only access to the file.Discussion Topic:2. Suggest three typical business situations where referential integrity avoids data problems. ANS:In an inventory order system, you don't want an order to be deleted if there are inventory order items, or those items will be orphaned. If you are assigning customers to a salesperson, referential integrity would make sure that a customer wasn't assigned to a salesperson that doesn't exist.Payments in an accounting system should only be applied to an account, and if that account number changes, you want entries on that account to be updated as well.Project: 1. Search the Internet to find information about data storage formats. Also do the research on international date formats. Determine whether the date formats used in the United States is the most common format. ANS: According to my research on the Programmers website, I think that we have many different ways to store a program data: plain text which the application has small size of simply structured data, and data are not modified concurrently by multiple users. XML is small size of structured data that are not modified concurrently or frequently. Database which is large structured data or concurrent access is needed. Need for querying and search is a must in the application. Binary data use for streaming objects. Zipping is compression that may be added as another process for any of the above except databases on servers. The international format defined by ISO (ISO 8601) tries to address all these problems by defining a numerical date system as follows: YYYY-MM-DD where * YYYY is the year [all the digits, i. e. 2012] * MM is the month [01 (January) to 12 (December)] * DD is the day [01 to 31] For example, â€Å"3rd of April 2002†, in this international format is written: 2002-04-03 In the United States, dates are traditionally written in the â€Å"month day, year† order. This is the most common format because it used in both traditional numeric date. This date format was commonly used alongside the small endian form in the United Kingdom until the early 20th Century and can be found in both defunct and modern print media such as the London Gazette and The Times, respectively.

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The Political State of Countries Essay - 985 Words

The Political State of Countries The political state of countries today is always changing and developing into new and hopefully more efficient methods of running a country. In comparing and contrasting the political setup of two countries a good understanding of the different systems is easily seen. The fall of Communism in many parts of the world has triggered countries like Russia to create new political systems and political parties. This also changes the functioning of the economy and the military. Likewise in India, changes are almost seen daily in the ruling of the country. Comparing and contrasting these two countries involves many areas including the political parties, legislative branch and the executive branch.†¦show more content†¦The communists get support only when the outlook for the economy is bad and fear of unemployment is affecting many workers. (Palmer, 346) The last of these parties is the fascist party called the Liberal Democratic Party. This party platform stated in 1993 elec tions, calling for a strong army, continued government management of Russias industries, liquidation of the 5000 gangs that control the economy, arm sales to any country or group that wants the buy them, deportation of non-Russians, avoiding mistakes of Hitler in dealing with the West, nuking the Japanese if they continued to pressure Russia to give back some small islands occupied since the end of World War II, a strong dose of anti-Semitism, and finding husbands for all unmarried women. (Palmer, 346) Like Russia, India has several parties in its Democratic system including: The Congress Party, The Bharatiya Janata Party, and The Third Front. India for a long time was considered a single party Democracy and the Congress party ruled for about fifty years. (Palmer, 453) The Congress party used these four items to gain support: charisma of Nehru and Gandhi, the independence movement, the partys broad base in the local way of life and the ability to take in a great range of regional , ideological and communal groups. (Palmer, 453) The Bharatiya Janata Party is a rising group thatShow MoreRelatedUnder What Conditions (If Ever) Should States Become Involved in Domestic Political Situations of Other Countries3163 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION: It has previously been held that, the States should not interfere with the domestic political affairs of other countries, since all sovereign states should have complete control of their own citizenry, free from outside interference. 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